Macro- Nutrient Dynamics during the decomposition of brown needle litter of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in AlGabal AlAkhdar Eco-region-Libya.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24091400Keywords:
Aleppo pine, AlGabal Alakhdar, Libya, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, brown needle litterAbstract
The aim of this study was to track the changes (dynamics) that occur in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)and potassium (K) during stages of decomposition of fallen brown needle litter of Aleppo pine trees (Pinus halepensis Mill) growing in the Green Mountain region – Libya. To achieve this goal ,the Aki technique was followed( bag technique in three locations 800, 600, and 400 meters above sea level,(800) Sidi El Hamri Forest, (600) Ain Al- Hofrah, (400) Mansoura Sanatorium) and the experiment began in the fall and continued until the spring the results of this study, which were in the direction of previous studies and confirmed those studies, indicate that in the first of days of the process, decomposition is the occurrence of a leaching process for the macronutrients N, P and K estimated in this research, followed by an accumulation stage, (Accumulation) and that the initial concentration of these nutrients affected the amount of lost concentrations and accumulated in the Aleppo pine residues, and the fertility of the site also affected the quality of the fallen brown needle leaves and their response , the rate of decomposition varied depending on the location where the fortification was carried out ,it was shown that these remains are an important store of nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium, therefore, this layer of fallen remains of forest tree must be preserved, which is considered a storehouse of nutrients and determinant of growth in those forests and their sustainability.
References
أ- المراجع العربية
بن محمود، خالد رمضان (1995) ،الترب الليبية (تكوينها – تصنيفها- خواصها- إمكانيات زراعتها) منشورات الهيئة القومية للبحث العلمي، الطبعة الأولى .
دراسة وتقييم الغطاء النباتي الطبيعي الجبل الأخضر (2003)، التقرير الثاني ، الدراسات السابقة ، جامعة عمر المختار ــ البيضاء .
ب- المراجع الأجنبية المترجمة
الكسندر، مارتن (1982): مقدمة في ميكروبيولوجيا الأراضي (جامعة كورنيل:منشورات مؤسسة جون وايلى وأولاده، الطبعة الثانية.
References
1. Aber, J. D., & Melillo, J. M. (1982). Nitrogen immobilization in decaying hardwood leaf litter as a function of initial nitrogen and lignin content. Canadian Journal of Botany, 60, 2263-2269.
2. Aber, J. D., & Melillo, J. M. (2001). Terrestrial ecosystems. International Thomson Publishing.
3. Berg, B., & Staaf, H. (1980). Decomposition rate and chemical changes of Scots pine needle litter. II. Influence of chemical composition. Ecological Bulletins (Stockholm), 32, 363-372.
4. Berg, B., & Staaf, H. (1981). Leaching, accumulation and release of nitrogen in decomposing forest litter. Ecological Bulletins (Stockholm), 33, 163-178.
5. Berg, B., Hannus, K., Popoff, T., & Theander, O. (1982). Changes in organic-chemical components during decomposition. Long-term decomposition in a Scots pine forest I. Canadian Journal of Botany, 60, 1310-1319.
6. Berg, B., & Ekbohm, G. (1983). Nitrogen immobilization to decomposing needle litter at variable carbon-nitrogen ratios. Ecology, 64, 63-67.
7. Berg, B. (1986). Nutrient release from litter and humus in coniferous forest soils – a mini review. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1, 359-369.
8. Berg, B., & Tamm, C. O. (1994). Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of litter in long-term optimum nutrient experiments. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 6, 305-321.
9. Berg, B., & Cortina, J. (1995). Nutrient dynamics in some decomposing leaf and needle litters in a Pinus sylvestris forest. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 10, 11-11.
10. Berg, B. (2000). Litter decomposition and organic matter turnover in northern forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 133, 12-22.
11. Berg, B., & Meentemeyer, V. (2001). Litter fall in European pine and spruce forests as related to climate. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 31, 292-301.
12. Berg, B., & McClaugherty, C. (2003). Plant litter-decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration. Springer Verlag.
13. Berg, B., & Laskowski, R. (2006). Litter decomposition: A guide to carbon and nutrient turnover. Advances in Ecological Research, 38. Elsevier.
14. Berg, B., Davey, M. P., de Marco, A., Emmett, B., Faituri, M., Hobbie, S. E., Johansson, M. B., Liu, C., McClaugherty, C., Norell, L., Rutigliano, F. A., Vesterdal, L., & Virzo De Santo, A. (2010). Factors influencing limit values for pine needle litter decomposition: A synthesis for boreal and temperate pine forest system. Biogeochemistry, 100, 57-73.
15. Berg, B., McClaugherty, C., Virzo De Santo, A., Johansson, M-B., & Ekbohm, G. (1995). Decomposition of forest litter and soil organic matter – a mechanism for soil organic matter buildup. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 10, 108-119.
16. Black, C. A., Evans, D. D., White, J. L., Ensminger, L. E., & Clark, F. (1965). Methods of soil analysis part (1) and part (2). American Society of Agronomy Inc.
17. Bocock, K. L. (1963). Changes in the amount of nitrogen in decomposing leaf litter of sessile oak (Q. petraea). Journal of Ecology, 51, 555-566.
18. Boone, R. D. (1994). Light fraction soil organic matter: Origin and contribution to net nitrogen mineralization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 26, 1159-1168.
19. Blair, J. M. (1988a). Nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing deciduous leaf litter in the southern Appalachians. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 20, 693-701.
20. Blair, J. M. (1988b). Nutrient release from decomposing foliar litter of three tree species with special reference to calcium, magnesium and potassium dynamics. Plant and Soil, 110, 49-55.
21. Cadish, G., & Giller, K. E. (1997). Driven by nature: Plant litter quality and decomposition. CAB International.
22. Chapman, H., & Pratt, P. (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California.
23. Faituri, M. Y. (2002). Soil organic matter in Mediterranean and Scandinavian forest ecosystems and dynamics of nutrients and monomeric phenolic compounds [Doctoral dissertation]. Silvestra 236.
24. Fogel, R., & Cromack, K., Jr. (1977). Effect of habitat and substrate quality on Douglas fir litter decomposition in western Oregon. Canadian Journal of Botany, 55, 1632-1640.
25. Gallardo, J. F., Santa Regina, I., Harrison, A. F., & Howard, D. M. (1995). Organic matter and nutrient dynamics in three ecosystems of the "Sierra de Bejar" mountains (Salamanca Province, Spain). Acta Ecologica, 16(4), 447-459.
26. Gosz, J. R. (1981). Nitrogen cycling in coniferous ecosystems. In F. E. Clark & T. Rosswall (Eds.), Terrestrial nitrogen cycles, processes, ecosystem strategies, and management impacts. Ecological Bulletins (Stockholm), 33, 405-426.
27. Hart, S. C., & Firestone, M. K. (1992). Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of ponderosa pine needles in a Mediterranean-type climate. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 22, 306-314.
28. Howard, P. J. A., & Howard, D. M. (1974). Microbial decomposition of tree and shrub leaf litter. Weight loss and chemical composition of decomposing litter. Oikos, 25, 311-352.
29. Hubert, P. (1964). The soils of Northern Cyrenaica. A soil survey report. FAO, Libya Mission.
30. Ibrahima, A., Jefere, R., & Gillon, D. (1995). Changes in litter during the initial leaching phase. An experiment on the leaf litter of Mediterranean species. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 27(7), 931-939.
31. Johansson, M. B. (1986). Chemical composition and decomposition pattern of leaf litters from forest trees in Sweden with special reference to methodological aspects and site properties [Doctoral dissertation]. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
32. Laskowski, R., Berg, B., Johansson, M., & McClaugherty, C. (1995a). Release pattern for potassium from decomposing forest leaf litter. Long-term decomposition in a Scots pine forest. XI. Canadian Journal of Botany, 73(21), 2019-2027. https://doi.org/10.1139/b95-216
33. Laskowski, R., Nikliska, M., & Maryaski, M. (1995b). The dynamics of chemical elements in forest litter. Ecology, 76, 1393-1406.
34. Le Houerou, H. N. (1984). An outline of the bioclimatology of Libya. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Actualités Botaniques, 131(2,3,4), 157-178.
35. Lousier, D. J., & Parkinson, D. (1978). Chemical element dynamics in decomposing leaf litter. Canadian Journal of Botany, 56, 2795-2812.
36. McClaugherty, C. A., Bastor, J., Aber, J. D., & Melillo, J. M. (1985). Forests litter decomposition in relation to soil nitrogen dynamics and litter quality. Ecology, 66, 266-275.
37. Mellillo, J. M., Aber, J., Linkens, A. E., Ricca, A., Fry, B., & Nadihoffer, K. (1989). Carbon and nitrogen dynamics along the decay continuum: Plant litter to soil organic matter. In M. Clarholm & L. Bergstrom (Eds.), Ecology of arable lands (pp. 53-62). Kluwer Academic Press.
38. Mengel, K., & Kirkby, E. A. (1982). Principles of plant nutrition. International Potash Institute.
39. Mindermann, G. (1968). Addition, decomposition, and accumulation of organic matter in forests. Journal of Ecology, 56, 355-362.
40. Nommik, H., & Vahtras, K. (1982). Retention and fixation of ammonium and ammonia in soils. In F. J. Stevenson (Ed.), Nitrogen in agricultural soils (pp. 123-161). Agronomy Society of America.
41. Nykvist, N. (1963). Studies on leaching and decomposition of litter [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Stockholm.
42. Odum, E. P. (1969). The strategy of ecosystem development. Science, 164, 262-270.
43. Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanabe, F. S., & Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with NaHCO₃ (USDA Circular 939). U.S. Government Printing Office.
44. Paul, E. (1984). Dynamics of organic matter in soils. Plant and Soil, 76, 275-285.
45. Quézel, P. (1977). Forests of Mediterranean basin. In Mediterranean forests and maquis: Ecology, conservation and management. UNESCO, MAB Technical Notes 2, 11-32.
46. Rashid, G. H., & Schaefer, R. (1988). Seasonal variation in the nitrogen mineralization and mineral nitrogen accumulation in two temperate forest soils. Pedobiologia, 31, 381-390.
47. Schlesinger, W. H. (1977). Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 8, 51-81.
48. Schlesinger, W. H., & Andrews, J. A. (2000). Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle. Biogeochemistry, 48, 7-20.
49. Scott, N. A., Cole, C. V., Elliott, E. T., & Huffman, S. A. (1996). Soil textural control on decomposition and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 60, 1102-1109.
50. Staaf, H., & Berg, B. (1982). Accumulation and release of plant nutrients in decomposing Scots pine needle litter. Long-term decomposition in a Scots pine forest. II. Canadian Journal of Botany, 60, 1561-1568.
51. Selkhozprom Export Soil Ecological Expedition. (1980). Soil studies in the western zone, the eastern zone, and the pasture zone of Libya. Ministry of Agriculture, Reclamation and Land Development.
52. Stevenson, F. J. (1994). Humus chemistry, genesis, composition, reactions (2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
53. Swift, M. J., Heal, O. W., & Anderson, J. M. (1979). Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
54. UNESCO-FAO. (1963). Bioclimatic map of the Mediterranean zone; Ecological studies of Mediterranean zone. UNESCO-FAO.
55. Wardle, D. A., Zachrisson, O., Homberg, G., & Gallet, C. (1997). The influence of island area on ecosystem properties. Science, 277, 1296-1299.
56. Waring, R. H., & Schlesinger, W. H. (1985). Decomposition and forest soil development. In Forest ecosystems: Concepts and management (pp. 181-210). Academic Press.
